Element Family
Alkali
Lanthanide
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Interesting Facts
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
Found in Minerals, Mining
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In 1861
In 1880
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6th Energy Level
Not Available
7th Energy level
Not Available
8th Energy Level
Not Available
9th Energy Level
Not Available
10th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Shear Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available