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Gadolinium vs Barium

Gadolinium
Barium
Barium vs Gadolinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd   
Ba   
Group Number
0   
18
2   
16
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440542   
33
7440393   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In 1880   
In 1772   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
30
0.03 %   
11
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
In Bone
Not Available   
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C   
35
725.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C   
25
1,140.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.25   
19
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa   
22
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Gd   
Ba   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
37   
2
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
0.89   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.68   
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
0.97   
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.88   
22
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.88   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80   
15
3.11   
4
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
2.70 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
64   
99+
56   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
[Xe] 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
64   
99+
56   
99+
Number of Neutrons
93   
37
81   
99+
Number of Electrons
64   
99+
56   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
222.00 pm   
4
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
215.00 pm   
5
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
268.00 pm   
6
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
137.33 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Europium
  
Cesium
  
Next Element
Terbium
  
Lanthanum
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)   
34
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm   
32
502.80 pm   
15
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
9
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3   
31
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
30
7.11 (Pa)   
6
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa   
33
4.90 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa   
34
9.60 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa   
35
13.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
23
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.90   
40
3.62   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
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