thorium mungsuh polonium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Th
Po
Panggil Group
0
18
16
2
Panggil periode
7
6
Block
pemblokiran f
p pemblokiran
Family unsur
actinide
Transisi Post-
CAS Number
7440326
99+
7440086
99+
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
Pm-3M
Space Group Number
194.00
5
221.00
3
facts
Facts Interesting
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
- Polonium unsur radioaktif sing pisanan ditemokaké.
- unsur polonium lan senyawa Highly radioaktif.
- Sawijining logam campuran karo Beryllium menehi sumber neutron.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores logam
History
sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
ing 1829
ing taun 1898
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
ora Sumadhiya
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~-9999 %
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.05 %
11
ora Sumadhiya
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.66 %
7
ora Sumadhiya
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
99+
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
- Polonium logam allotropes beda, kang digunakake ing piranti antistatic lan kanggo riset waé.
- A 1 gram saka Polonium bisa tekan suhu 500 ° C, Empu kang digunakake minangka sumber panas kanggo peralatan papan.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi
Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
wesi
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ora
Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
37
ing Bone
0.02 ppm
29
0.00 ppm
36
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,750.00 ° C
17
254.00 ° C
99+
Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° C
8
962.00 ° C
99+
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Silver
Silver
luster
NA
NA
atose
Mohs atose
3.00
12
ora Sumadhiya
Brinell atose
390.00 MPa
29
ora Sumadhiya
Vickers atose
295.00 MPa
29
ora Sumadhiya
Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / s
36
ora Sumadhiya
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ya
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
α-polonium
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
β-polonium
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Th
Po
isotop
Isotop dikenal
28
11
29
10
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.30
32
2.00
7
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11
29
1.76
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.48
1
Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.19
2
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.00
99+
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
812.10 kJ / mol
14
Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
ora Sumadhiya
padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-day
24
3.90 g / amp-day
8
Fungsi Work elektron
3.41 eV
32
ora Sumadhiya
Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
atom Properties
Panggil atom
90
28
84
32
Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Xe] 4F 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 4
Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Pénguapan (Mon)
Crystal pola
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
90
28
84
32
Jumlah Neutron
142
15
125
19
Jumlah Èlèktron
90
28
84
32
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
179.80 pm
15
168.00 pm
23
kovalen Radius
206.00 pm
7
140.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
197.00 pm
29
Bobot atom
232.04 Amu
23
209.00 Amu
28
Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
22.23 cm3 / mol
13
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)
23
ora Sumadhiya
Constant pola
508.42 pm
14
335.90 pm
99+
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 3
32
9.20 g / cm 3
99+
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiya
9.40 g / cm3
19
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
ora Sumadhiya
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPA
21
ora Sumadhiya
pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPA
22
ora Sumadhiya
Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPA
24
ora Sumadhiya
Poisson rasio
0.27
20
ora Sumadhiya
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
11.70
23
9.32
31
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
nonmagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
superconductor
Arman
resistivity
157.00 nΩ · m
22
0.40 nΩ · m
99+
konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
0.02 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
elektron Affinity
ora Sumadhiya
183.30 kJ / mol
3
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · K
30
26.40 J / mol · K
28
doyo termal
54.00 W / m · K
28
20.00 W / m · K
99+
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
23.50 μm / (m · K)
16
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / mol
15
60.30 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / mol
19
13.00 kJ / mol
26
Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / mol
15
134.00 kJ / mol
99+
Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
ora Sumadhiya
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