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Actinium vs Cerium

Actinium
Cerium
Cerium vs Actinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ac  
Ce  
Group Number
Not Available  
Not Available  
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440348  
99+
7440451  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger  
Discovery
In 1902  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
1 * 10-6 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0000004 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
30
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
2.70 p.p.m.  
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C  
38
795.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C  
26
3,257.00 °C  
23
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
NA  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
2.50  
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
186.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
210.00 MPa  
32
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
2,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ac  
Ce  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.12  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.00  
36
1.08  
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
2.88  
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
3,547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
6,325.00 kJ/mol  
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,490.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr  
18
1.74 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
2.84 eV  
39
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
89  
29
58  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2  
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
89  
29
58  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
16
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
89  
29
58  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
195.00 pm  
7
181.80 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
Not Available  
204.00 pm  
8
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available  
235.00 pm  
17
Atomic Weight
227.00 amu  
25
140.12 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol  
11
20.67 cm3/mol  
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Radium
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Thorium
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)  
99+
41.78 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
567.00 pm  
8
362.00 pm  
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm3  
37
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
6.55 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
1.04 (Pa)  
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
13.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
21.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
33.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.24  
27
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.07  
28
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown  
Conductor  
Resistivity
Not Available  
828.00 nΩ·m  
3
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available  
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.19 J/(kg K)  
32
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
18
26.94 J/mol·K  
23
Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K  
99+
11.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
414.00 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available  
5.46 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
36
381.00 kJ/mol  
23
Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K  
25
72.00 J/mol.K  
12
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