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Cerium vs Actinium

Cerium
Actinium
Actinium vs Cerium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce   
Ac   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440451   
99+
7440348   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Not Available   
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Friedrich Oskar Giesel   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1902   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
27
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
33
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C   
99+
1,227.00 °C   
38
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C   
23
3,200.00 °C   
26
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Lustrous   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa   
32
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce   
Ac   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12   
99+
1.10   
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.00   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88   
11
2.90   
10
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
499.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,700.00 kJ/mol   
23
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.82 g/amp-hr   
18
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV   
39
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58   
99+
89   
29
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
[Rn] 6d1 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58   
99+
89   
29
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
138   
16
Number of Electrons
58   
99+
89   
29
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm   
12
195.00 pm   
7
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm   
8
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm   
17
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu   
99+
227.00 amu   
25
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
22.54 cm3/mol   
11
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Radium
  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Thorium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
38.60 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm   
34
567.00 pm   
8
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
10.00 g/cm3   
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3   
38
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
27
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
10.07   
28
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
27.20 J/mol·K   
18
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
12.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
56.50 J/mol.K   
25
Periodic Table >>
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