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Actinium vs Chromium

Actinium
Chromium
Chromium vs Actinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ac  
Cr  
Group Number
3  
15
6  
12
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440348  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Actinium glows in the dark due to its radioactivity.  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1902  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C  
38
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C  
27
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
3,430.00 m/s  
32
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ac  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.10  
38
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.00  
37
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
33
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
21
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
25
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr  
22
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.38 eV  
23
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
89  
29
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
89  
29
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
89  
29
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
195.00 pm  
9
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
215.00 pm  
31
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
227.00 amu  
25
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol  
20
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Radium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Thorium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)  
99+
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
567.00 pm  
9
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
2
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm3  
40
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.07 g/cm3  
40
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
65.00 MPa  
33
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
94.00 GPa  
17
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
130.00 GPa  
16
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.07  
99+
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
5.20 nΩ·m  
99+
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.15 106/cm Ω  
13
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
33.20 kJ/mol  
34
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K  
99+
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.20 kJ/mol  
28
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K  
33
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
Periodic Table >>
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Actinide Series

Actinide Series

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