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Actinium vs Chromium

Actinium
Chromium
Chromium vs Actinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ac  
Cr  
Group Number
Not Available  
6  
12
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440348  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1902  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
1.5 * 10-3 %  
7
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.002 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
0.33 p.p.m.  
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C  
38
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C  
26
2,672.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
687.00 MPa  
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
1,060.00 MPa  
10
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
5,940.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ac  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.66  
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.66  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.00  
36
1.56  
10
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.65  
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
Not Available  
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available  
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available  
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available  
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available  
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr  
18
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
4.50 eV  
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
89  
29
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
89  
29
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
16
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
89  
29
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
195.00 pm  
7
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
Not Available  
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available  
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
227.00 amu  
25
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol  
11
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Radium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Thorium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)  
99+
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
567.00 pm  
8
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm3  
37
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
6.30 g/cm3  
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.21  
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.07  
28
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown  
NA  
Resistivity
Not Available  
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available  
0.08 106/cm Ω  
25
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
64.30 kJ/mol  
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
18
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K  
99+
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
348.80 kJ/mol  
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available  
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
36
397.50 kJ/mol  
21
Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K  
25
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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