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Actinium vs Scandium

Actinium
Scandium
Scandium vs Actinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ac  
Sc  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440348  
99+
7440202  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Actinium glows in the dark due to its radioactivity.  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel  
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
Discovery
In 1902  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
Physical
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C  
38
1,539.00 °C  
24
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C  
27
2,832.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
750.00 MPa  
13
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
1,200.00 MPa  
13
Speed of Sound
3,430.00 m/s  
32
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.80  
21
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
93.00 %  
3
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ac  
Sc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.36  
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.10  
38
1.02  
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.00  
37
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.36  
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.19  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
5th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
6th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
7th Energy level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
8th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
9th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
10th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
11th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
12th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
21
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
13th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
14th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
15th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
16th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
17th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
18th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
19th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
20th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
25
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
23rd Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
25th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
26th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
27th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
28th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr  
22
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.38 eV  
23
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
89  
29
21  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2  
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
89  
29
21  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
24  
99+
Number of Electrons
89  
29
21  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
195.00 pm  
9
162.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
215.00 pm  
31
211.00 pm  
32
Atomic Weight
227.00 amu  
25
44.96 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol  
20
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Radium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Thorium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)  
99+
58.00 (-eV)  
25
Lattice Constant
567.00 pm  
9
330.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
2
1.59  
24
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm3  
40
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.07 g/cm3  
40
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
65.00 MPa  
33
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
91.30 (Pa)  
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
29.10 GPa  
28
Bulk Modulus
94.00 GPa  
17
56.60 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
130.00 GPa  
16
74.40 GPa  
28
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.28  
18
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.07  
99+
2.99  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
5.20 nΩ·m  
99+
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.15 106/cm Ω  
13
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
33.20 kJ/mol  
34
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K  
99+
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,814.00 K  
28
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.20 kJ/mol  
28
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K  
33
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Periodic Table >>
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