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Aluminium vs Molybdenum

Aluminium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al   
Mo   
Group Number
13   
5
6   
12
Period Number
3   
5   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7429905   
99+
7439987   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In 1825   
In 1778   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %   
5
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %   
5
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %   
5
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %   
1
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
6
0.00 %   
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
10
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C   
99+
2,617.00 °C   
5
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C   
99+
4,612.00 °C   
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75   
13
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa   
99+
1,370.00 MPa   
7
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa   
35
1,400.00 MPa   
6
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s   
10
5,400.00 m/s   
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
71.00 %   
10
58.00 %   
15
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al   
Mo   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11   
27
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61   
22
2.16   
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71   
13
1.15   
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.30   
24
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83   
8
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.61   
20
2.16   
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39   
32
1.84   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV   
19
4.60 eV   
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13   
99+
42   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13   
99+
42   
99+
Number of Neutrons
14   
99+
54   
99+
Number of Electrons
13   
99+
42   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm   
37
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm   
99+
154.00 pm   
32
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm   
34
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu   
99+
95.95 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)   
17
88.60 (-eV)   
13
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm   
22
314.70 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
10.28 g/cm3   
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
9.33 g/cm3   
20
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa   
19
324.00 MPa   
13
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa   
29
126.00 GPa   
8
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa   
18
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa   
28
329.00 GPa   
6
Poisson Ratio
0.35   
9
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72   
99+
10.22   
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
4
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K   
4
138.00 W/m·K   
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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