Symbol
Al
  
Zr
  
Period Number
3
  
5
  
Block
p block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Post-Transition
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
  
Discovery
In 1825
  
In 1789
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
  
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
NA
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
  
9
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
  
21
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
  
11
0.10 p.p.m.
  
23
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C
  
15
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
  
99+
4,377.00 °C
  
11
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery Gray
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Lustrous
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
  
10
3,800.00 m/s
  
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Al
  
Zr
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
  
19
1,270.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
  
38
2,218.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
  
3
3,313.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
  
2
7,752.00 kJ/mol
  
10
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
  
2
9,500.00 kJ/mol
  
15
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
  
99+
0.85 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
  
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
  
99+
14.10 cm3/mol
  
36
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
  
17
80.00 (-eV)
  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
  
99+
6.52 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
  
99+
5.80 g/cm3
  
99+
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
  
99+
421.00 nΩ·m
  
11
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
  
4
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
  
26
41.10 kJ/mol
  
27
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
  
5
0.27 J/(kg K)
  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
  
99+
25.36 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
  
4
22.60 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
  
17
5.70 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
  
31
581.60 kJ/mol
  
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
  
35
20.90 kJ/mol
  
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
  
31
598.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
  
99+
39.00 J/mol.K
  
39