1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74403597440451
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
2.2 Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
-
In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.2.70 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
994.00 °C795.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C3,257.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol1,949.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol3,547.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA6,325.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA7,490.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
1.2.1 20th Energy Level
1.2.2 21st Energy Level
1.3.1 22nd Energy Level
1.4.1 23rd Energy Level
1.6.1 24th Energy Level
1.8.1 25th Energy Level
1.8.2 26th Energy Level
1.8.3 27th Energy Level
1.8.4 28th Energy Level
1.8.5 29th Energy Level
1.8.6 30th Energy Level
1.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr1.74 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
1.10 Electron Work Function
1.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
2.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
2.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
2.3.1 Crystal Lattice
2.4 Atom
2.4.1 Number of Protons
2.4.2 Number of Neutrons
2.4.3 Number of Electrons
2.5 Radius of an Atom
2.5.1 Atomic Radius
173.00 pm181.80 pm
112
265
2.5.2 Covalent Radius
180.00 pm204.00 pm
96
260
2.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm235.00 pm
139
348
2.6 Atomic Weight
243.00 amu140.12 amu
6.94
294
2.7 Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol20.67 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
2.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
2.8.1 Previous Element
2.8.2 Next Element
2.9 Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)41.78 (-eV)
8
392.42
2.10 Lattice Constant
346.81 pm362.00 pm
228.58
891.25
2.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
2.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
3 Mechanical
3.1 Density
3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm36.77 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
3.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.2 Tensile Strength
3.3 Viscosity
3.4 Vapor Pressure
3.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
3.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.5 Elasticity properties
3.5.1 Shear Modulus
3.5.2 Bulk Modulus
3.5.3 Young's Modulus
3.6 Poisson Ratio
3.7 Other Mechanical Properties
4 Magnetic
4.1 Magnetic Characteristics
4.1.1 Specific Gravity
4.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
4.1.3 Permeability
4.1.4 Susceptibility
4.2 Electrical Properties
4.2.1 Electrical Property
4.2.2 Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m828.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
4.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
4.2.4 Electron Affinity
5 Thermal
5.1 Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
5.2 Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K26.94 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
5.3 Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K11.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
5.4 Critical Temperature
5.5 Thermal Expansion
5.6 Enthalpy
5.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA414.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
5.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol5.46 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
5.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol381.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
5.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA72.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1