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Americium
Americium

Scandium
Scandium



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Americium
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Scandium

Americium Scandium Comparison

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Am
Sc
1.2 Group Number
NA3
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.4 Period Number
74
Lithium Metal
2 7
2.3 Block
f block
d block
2.4 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
2.5 CAS Number
74403597440202
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
2.6 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
2.7 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
4.2 Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Lars Fredrik Nilson
4.3.2 Discovery
In 1944
In 1879
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA3 * 10-6 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
4.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.000004 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
4.5.1 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
4.7.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
4.7.3 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
4.7.5 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.3 Medical Uses
NA
NA
5.1.4 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
5.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
994.00 °C1,539.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
6.3 Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C2,832.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
6.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
6.4.3 Luster
NA
Lustrous
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
7.2.2 Brinell Hardness
NA750.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
7.3.2 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
7.4 Speed of Sound
NANA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
7.5 Optical Properties
7.5.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
7.5.3 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
7.6 Allotropes
7.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Am
Sc
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
1613
Tennessine Metal
0 38
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.301.36
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
8.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA1.02
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
8.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.201.20
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
8.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
8.5.4 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.19
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
8.6 Electropositivity
8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.702.64
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
8.7 Ionization Energies
8.7.1 1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol633.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
8.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol1,235.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
8.7.5 3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol2,388.60 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
8.7.6 4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol7,090.60 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
8.7.8 5th Energy Level
NA8,843.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
8.7.10 6th Energy Level
NA10,679.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
8.7.12 7th Energy level
NA13,310.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
8.7.14 8th Energy Level
NA15,250.00 kJ/mol
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
8.7.16 9th Energy Level
NA17,370.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
8.7.17 10th Energy Level
NA21,726.00 kJ/mol
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
8.7.19 11th Energy Level
NA24,102.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
8.7.21 12th Energy Level
NA66,320.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
8.7.23 13th Energy Level
NA73,010.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
8.7.25 14th Energy Level
NA80,160.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
8.7.26 15th Energy Level
NA89,490.00 kJ/mol
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
8.7.28 16th Energy Level
NA97,400.00 kJ/mol
Iron Metal
47206 109480
8.7.29 17th Energy Level
NA105,600.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
8.7.31 18th Energy Level
NA117,000.00 kJ/mol
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
8.7.33 19th Energy Level
NA124,270.00 kJ/mol
Copper Metal
64702 148700
8.7.35 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
8.7.36 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
8.7.38 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
8.7.39 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
8.7.41 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
8.7.43 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
8.7.45 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
8.7.47 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
8.7.48 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
8.7.50 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
8.7.52 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr0.56 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
8.9 Electron Work Function
NA3.50 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
8.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9521
Lithium Metal
3 117
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9521
Lithium Metal
3 117
9.5.1 Number of Neutrons
14824
Lithium Metal
4 184
9.6.1 Number of Electrons
9521
Lithium Metal
3 117
10.2 Radius of an Atom
10.2.1 Atomic Radius
173.00 pm162.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
10.2.2 Covalent Radius
180.00 pm170.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
10.5.2 Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm211.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
10.6 Atomic Weight
243.00 amu44.96 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
10.7 Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol15.00 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)58.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
10.11 Lattice Constant
346.81 pm330.90 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
10.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.59
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm32.99 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
11.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA2.80 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
11.3 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
11.5 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
11.6 Vapor Pressure
11.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
11.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA91.30 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
11.9 Elasticity properties
11.9.1 Shear Modulus
NA29.10 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
11.10.1 Bulk Modulus
NA56.60 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
12.1.2 Young's Modulus
NA74.40 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
12.2 Poisson Ratio
NA0.28
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
12.3 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.672.99
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
13.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.2.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
13.2.3 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
13.4 Electrical Properties
13.4.1 Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
13.4.2 Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m562.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
13.5.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
13.5.4 Electron Affinity
NA18.10 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)0.60 J/(kg K)
Palladium
0.11 3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K15.80 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
14.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
14.5 Thermal Expansion
NA10.20 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
14.6 Enthalpy
14.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA314.20 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
14.7.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol14.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
14.7.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol343.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
15.2 Standard Molar Entropy
NA34.60 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1