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Americium vs Bismuth

Americium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am   
Bi   
Group Number
Not Available   
15   
3
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440359   
99+
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
In 1944   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C   
99+
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C   
99+
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
70.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95   
23
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95   
23
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
148   
12
126   
18
Number of Electrons
95   
23
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm   
21
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm   
21
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm   
10
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu   
20
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)   
40
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm   
99+
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3   
30
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
13
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67   
15
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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