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Bismuth vs Americium

Bismuth
Americium
Americium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Am  
Group Number
15  
3
Not Available  
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
p block  
f block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
7440359  
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
12.00  
12
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
Discovery
In 1753  
In 1944  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %  
25
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %  
14
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
22
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
994.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
2,607.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
15
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Am  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
6
1.30  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
6
1.20  
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
4
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
4
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
28
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
19
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
19
3.02 g/amp-hr  
17
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
22
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83  
33
95  
23
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
95  
23
Number of Neutrons
126  
18
148  
12
Number of Electrons
83  
33
95  
23
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
29
173.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
36
180.00 pm  
21
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
26
244.00 pm  
10
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
243.00 amu  
20
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
14
17.86 cm3/mol  
29
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Plutonium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Curium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
44.00 (-eV)  
40
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
346.81 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
39
12.00 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
18
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
38
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
30
13.67  
15
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
Not Available  
Susceptibility
0.00  
6
Not Available  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Unknown  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
11
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
37
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
28
Not Available  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
33
14.39 kJ/mol  
24
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
268.00 kJ/mol  
40
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
24
Not Available  
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