Americium vs Polonium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Am
Po
Group Number
Not Available
16
2
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Actinide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440359
99+
7440086
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Pm-3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
221.00
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1944
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
- In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C
99+
254.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C
99+
962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am
Po
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
16
23
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
2.00
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.76
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.48
1
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
2.19
2
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol
99+
812.10 kJ/mol
14
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr
17
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95
23
84
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
95
23
84
32
Number of Neutrons
148
12
125
19
Number of Electrons
95
23
84
32
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm
21
168.00 pm
23
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm
21
140.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm
10
197.00 pm
29
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu
20
209.00 amu
28
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol
29
22.23 cm3/mol
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)
40
Not Available
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm
99+
335.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3
30
9.20 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
9.40 g/cm3
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
13
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.67
15
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m
99+
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
183.30 kJ/mol
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K
1
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K
99+
20.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol
24
13.00 kJ/mol
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol
40
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
Not Available
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