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Polonium vs Americium

Polonium
Americium
Americium vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Am   
Group Number
16   
2
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7440359   
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1944   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
994.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
2,607.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Am   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
95   
23
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
95   
23
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
148   
12
Number of Electrons
84   
32
95   
23
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
173.00 pm   
21
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
180.00 pm   
21
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
244.00 pm   
10
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
243.00 amu   
20
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Plutonium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Curium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
44.00 (-eV)   
40
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
346.81 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
12.00 g/cm3   
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
13.67   
15
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
Periodic Table >>
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