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Americium
Americium

Indium
Indium



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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Am
In
1.2 Group Number
NA13
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
75
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
p block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Post-​Transition
1.6 CAS Number
74403597440746
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
I4/mmm
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00139.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
2.2 Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1944
In 1863
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA3 * 10-8 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000004 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
994.00 °C156.61 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C2,000.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Lustrous
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA1.20
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NA8.80 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NA1,215.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Am
In
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
1635
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.301.78
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA2.14
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.201.49
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA1.76
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.66
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.702.22
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol1,820.70 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol2,704.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol5,210.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr1.43 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
NA4.12 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
9549
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
9549
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
14866
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
9549
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
173.00 pm167.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
180.00 pm142.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm193.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
243.00 amu114.82 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol15.70 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)54.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
346.81 pm325.23 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm37.31 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA7.02 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NA2.50 MPa
Gold
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.01 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NANA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NANA
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
NA11.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.677.31
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m83.70 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.12 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
NA28.90 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
Palladium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K26.74 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K81.80 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
NA32.10 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA226.40 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol3.28 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol242.70 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA57.80 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1