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Americium vs Iron

Americium
Iron
Iron vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am  
Fe  
Group Number
10  
8
8  
10
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440359  
99+
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
-  
Discovery
In 1944  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.11 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.10 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.01 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical
Melting Point
994.00 °C  
99+
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C  
99+
2,750.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
200.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
608.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
2,750.00 m/s  
99+
5,120.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
64.00 %  
19
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
-  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
-  
gamma Iron  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Am  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.83  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.64  
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.83  
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.80  
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.17  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
5th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
13th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
22
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
23
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
25th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
26th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
27th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
28th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
29th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
30th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr  
20
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
95  
23
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95  
23
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
148  
13
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
95  
23
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm  
23
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu  
20
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)  
99+
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm  
99+
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.35  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3  
32
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.67 g/cm3  
26
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
13
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa  
36
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
44.00 GPa  
32
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
58.00 GPa  
36
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67  
26
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.01 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
200,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
63.90 kJ/mol  
18
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
1,449.00 K  
99+
1,811.00 K  
29
Thermal Expansion
13.60 µm/(m·K)  
32
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
161.00 kJ/mol  
99+
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol  
27
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol  
99+
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
63.10 J/mol.K  
23
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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