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Americium vs Zinc

Americium
Zinc
Zinc vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am   
Zn   
Group Number
Not Available   
12   
6
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440359   
99+
7440666   
24
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Indian metallurgists   
Discovery
In 1944   
Before 1000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0002 %   
10
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
16
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
10
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C   
99+
419.58 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C   
99+
907.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
327.00 MPa   
32
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
2
Reflectivity
Not Available   
80.00 %   
5
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am   
Zn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.65   
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.23   
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.66   
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.65   
11
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.35   
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95   
23
30   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95   
23
30   
99+
Number of Neutrons
148   
12
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
95   
23
30   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm   
21
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm   
21
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm   
10
139.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu   
20
65.38 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)   
40
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm   
99+
266.49 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3   
30
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.57 g/cm3   
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
13
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
70.00 GPa   
19
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
108.00 GPa   
19
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67   
15
6.90   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
116.00 W/m·K   
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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