Barium Lutetium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba
Lu
Group Number
2
16
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440393
99+
7439943
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Discovery
In 1772
In 1906
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %
11
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
12
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
- Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
15
Not Available
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.
9
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C
99+
1,652.00 °C
19
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C
99+
3,402.00 °C
19
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.25
19
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
893.00 MPa
10
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,160.00 MPa
8
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba
Lu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
37
2
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89
99+
1.27
34
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68
28
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.14
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88
22
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.88
99+
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11
4
2.73
20
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol
99+
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol
14
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr
20
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
3.30 eV
33
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56
99+
71
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
56
99+
71
99+
Number of Neutrons
81
99+
104
30
Number of Electrons
56
99+
71
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm
4
174.00 pm
20
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm
5
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm
6
221.00 pm
22
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu
99+
174.97 amu
40
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol
5
17.78 cm3/mol
30
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)
99+
50.90 (-eV)
26
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm
15
350.31 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
10
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3
99+
9.84 g/cm3
38
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3
99+
9.30 g/cm3
22
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)
6
0.00 (Pa)
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
3.18 (Pa)
11
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
27.20 GPa
26
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa
99+
47.60 GPa
23
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa
99+
68.60 GPa
30
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.26
21
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
3.62
99+
9.84
29
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m
13
582.00 nΩ·m
9
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol
36
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
30
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K
12
26.86 J/mol·K
24
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K
99+
16.40 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)
22
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol
99+
355.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
18.70 kJ/mol
13
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol
99+
398.00 kJ/mol
20
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K
20
51.00 J/mol.K
30
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