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Lutetium vs Cobalt

Lutetium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Lutetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu  
Co  
Group Number
Not Available  
9  
9
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439943  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
  • Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1906  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %  
30
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~0.0004 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
Not Available  
0.04 p.p.m.  
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C  
19
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C  
19
2,870.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa  
10
470.00 MPa  
26
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa  
8
1,043.00 MPa  
11
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
4,720.00 m/s  
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
67.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27  
34
1.88  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14  
28
1.70  
5
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.84  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73  
20
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
31
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
28
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
19
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
12
7th Energy level
Not Available  
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available  
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available  
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available  
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available  
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available  
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr  
23
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV  
33
5.00 eV  
5
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
71  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
104  
30
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
71  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm  
20
147.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
160.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
22
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu  
40
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol  
30
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ytterbium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Hafnium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)  
26
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
10
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3  
38
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3  
22
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
434.00 MPa  
9
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)  
11
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa  
26
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa  
23
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa  
30
116.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
21
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.84  
29
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m  
9
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
7.60 kJ/mol  
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)  
36
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K  
24
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
40
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol  
22
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol  
13
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol  
20
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K  
30
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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