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Cobalt vs Dysprosium


Dysprosium vs Cobalt


Periodic Table

Symbol
Co   
Dy   

Group Number
9   
9
Not Available   

Period Number
4   
6   

Block
d block   
f block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440484   
38
7429916   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
  • Dysprosium acts stable in air at room temperature.
  • Dysprosium behaves very much like paramagnetic metal.
  

Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Georg Brandt   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   

Discovery
In 1732   
In 1886   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
2 * 10-7 %   
22

Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.0000002 %   
25

Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %   
10
0.00 %   
33

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
28

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
35

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
17
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
  • Dysprosium metal is highly reactive due to which it pure form is not as usual as its alloy.
  • Thi metals alloy is used in magnate as it is resistance to high temperature.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Mildly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
Not Available   

In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,495.00 °C   
29
1,407.00 °C   
32

Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C   
34
2,562.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gray   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa   
26
500.00 MPa   
23

Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa   
11
540.00 MPa   
20

Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s   
14
2,710.00 m/s   
33

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
67.00 %   
11
Not Available   

Allotropes
Yes   
No   

α Allotropes
α-Cobalt   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
β-Cobalt   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Co   
Dy   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
26   
13
29   
10

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.88   
12
1.22   
38

Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56   
1
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70   
5
1.10   
30

Allen Electronegativity
1.84   
10
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.12   
99+
2.78   
16

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
573.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
1,130.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
2,200.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37

5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.02 g/amp-hr   
29

Electron Work Function
5.00 eV   
5
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
22   
99+
66   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
[Xe] 4f9 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Dysprosium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
22   
99+
66   
99+

Number of Neutrons
26   
99+
96   
35

Number of Electrons
22   
99+
66   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
147.00 pm   
34
178.00 pm   
16

Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
192.00 pm   
17

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
229.00 pm   
20

Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
162.50 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
19.00 cm3/mol   
23

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Iron
  
Terbium
  

Next Element
Nickel
  
Holmium
  

Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)   
10
47.40 (-eV)   
32

Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
359.30 pm   
37

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
15

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
8.54 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
8.37 g/cm3   
25

Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa   
9
120.00 MPa   
15

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa   
17
24.70 GPa   
31

Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
40.50 GPa   
31

Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa   
18
61.40 GPa   
33

Poisson Ratio
0.32   
12
0.25   
25

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Sectile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
4,500.00   
1
8.55   
38

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
926.00 nΩ·m   
2

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
0.17 J/(kg K)   
34

Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
27.70 J/mol·K   
14

Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
10.70 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
230.00 kJ/mol   
39

Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
11.05 kJ/mol   
32

Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
301.00 kJ/mol   
36

Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
75.60 J/mol.K   
7

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