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Barium vs Potassium

Barium
Potassium
Potassium vs Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba  
K  
Group Number
2  
16
1  
17
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
s block  
s block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440393  
99+
7440097  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1772  
In 1807  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %  
16
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %  
18
~0.0004 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
20
0.07 %  
9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %  
11
1.50 %  
6
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
0.04 %  
3
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
12
0.20 %  
2
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
NA  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3  
15
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
2
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.  
9
2,100.00 p.p.m.  
3
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C  
99+
63.65 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C  
99+
774.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25  
19
0.40  
23
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
0.36 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s  
99+
2,000.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba  
K  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37  
2
20  
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68  
28
0.45  
31
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
38
0.91  
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88  
22
0.73  
23
Allen Electronegativity
0.88  
99+
0.73  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11  
4
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol  
99+
418.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol  
99+
3,052.00 kJ/mol  
5
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol  
14
4,420.00 kJ/mol  
8
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
5,877.00 kJ/mol  
9
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,975.00 kJ/mol  
8
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
9,590.00 kJ/mol  
13
7th Energy level
Not Available  
11,343.00 kJ/mol  
17
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
14,944.00 kJ/mol  
13
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
16,963.70 kJ/mol  
15
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
48,610.00 kJ/mol  
3
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
54,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
60,730.00 kJ/mol  
4
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
68,950.00 kJ/mol  
4
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
75,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
83,080.00 kJ/mol  
6
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
99,710.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr  
20
1.46 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
2.30 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56  
99+
19  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2  
[Ar] 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56  
99+
19  
99+
Number of Neutrons
81  
99+
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
56  
99+
19  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm  
4
227.00 pm  
3
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm  
5
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm  
6
275.00 pm  
5
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu  
99+
39.10 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol  
5
45.46 cm3/mol  
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Aluminium
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Calcium
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)  
99+
10.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm  
15
532.80 pm  
12
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3  
99+
0.86 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3  
99+
0.83 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)  
6
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa  
99+
1.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa  
99+
3.10 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
3.53 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62  
99+
0.86  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m  
13
72.00 nΩ·m  
37
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
40
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol  
36
48.40 kJ/mol  
22
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)  
30
0.75 J/(kg K)  
6
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K  
12
29.60 J/mol·K  
6
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K  
99+
102.50 W/m·K  
15
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
2,223.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)  
22
83.30 µm/(m·K)  
3
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol  
99+
77.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol  
99+
2.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol  
99+
89.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K  
20
64.70 J/mol.K  
18
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