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Barium vs Rutherfordium

Barium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba   
Rf   
Group Number
2   
16
4   
14
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440393   
99+
53850365   
13
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Discovery
In 1772   
In 1964   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %   
11
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
12
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C   
99+
2,100.00 °C   
11
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C   
99+
5,500.00 °C   
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Unknown   
Luster
NA   
Unknown Luster   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25   
19
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba   
Rf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37   
2
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68   
28
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
Not Available   
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88   
22
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.88   
99+
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11   
4
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
Not Available   
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56   
99+
104   
14
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2   
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56   
99+
104   
14
Number of Neutrons
81   
99+
157   
7
Number of Electrons
56   
99+
104   
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm   
4
150.00 pm   
33
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm   
5
157.00 pm   
31
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm   
6
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu   
99+
267.00 amu   
11
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm   
15
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
23.20 g/cm3   
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)   
6
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Unknown   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62   
99+
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Unknown   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
Not Available   
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