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Berkelium vs Manganese

Berkelium
Manganese
Manganese vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk  
Mn  
Group Number
14  
4
7  
11
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440406  
99+
7439965  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I_ 43m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
217.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Johann Gottlieb Gahn  
Discovery
In 1949  
In 1774  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.27 %  
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.11 %  
8
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
14
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
100.00 p.p.m.  
8
Physical
Melting Point
986.00 °C  
99+
1,245.00 °C  
37
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C  
99+
1,962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
196.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,070.00 MPa  
16
196.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
5,150.00 m/s  
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bk  
Mn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14  
25
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.55  
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.60  
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.55  
23
Allen Electronegativity
2.70  
1
1.75  
18
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.45  
29
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
717.30 kJ/mol  
30
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,509.00 kJ/mol  
40
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,248.00 kJ/mol  
21
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
30
5th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
6th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,220.00 kJ/mol  
22
7th Energy level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,500.00 kJ/mol  
16
8th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,770.00 kJ/mol  
5
9th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,400.00 kJ/mol  
6
10th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23,960.00 kJ/mol  
9
11th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27,590.00 kJ/mol  
10
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
30,330.00 kJ/mol  
32
13th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
33,150.00 kJ/mol  
11
14th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
38,880.00 kJ/mol  
10
15th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
41,987.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
109,480.00 kJ/mol  
1
17th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
118,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
18th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
127,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
19th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
138,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
20th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
148,500.00 kJ/mol  
6
21st Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
158,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
22nd Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
172,500.00 kJ/mol  
5
23rd Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
181,380.00 kJ/mol  
5
24th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
717.30 kJ/mol  
24
26th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
0.29 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.10 eV  
32
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
97  
21
25  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97  
21
25  
99+
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
97  
21
25  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
127.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
54.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
1.39 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Chromium
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Iron
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)  
37
220.00 (-eV)  
2
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm  
99+
891.25 pm  
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
38
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3  
23
7.21 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3  
29
5.95 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
70.00 MPa  
31
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
40.00 GPa  
19
Bulk Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
120.00 GPa  
14
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
198.00 GPa  
13
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00  
25
7.21  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
12
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
1.44 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.48 J/(kg K)  
11
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
7.81 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,519.00 K  
40
Thermal Expansion
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
21.70 µm/(m·K)  
22
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
219.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
14.64 kJ/mol  
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
280.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
32.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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