Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Element Family
Actinide
Lanthanide
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
R_ 3m
Interesting Facts
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1949
In 1879
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Toxicity
Unknown
Slightly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
Electrochemical Equivalent
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100
Covalent Radius
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
Atomic Volume
Not Available
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Shear Modulus
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Young's Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
Electron Affinity
Not Available
Specific Heat
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available