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Samarium vs Protactinium

Samarium
Protactinium
Protactinium vs Samarium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm   
Pa   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440199   
99+
7440133   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
I4/mmm   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
139.00   
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1900   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
37
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
40
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C   
99+
1,568.00 °C   
21
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C   
99+
4,027.00 °C   
12
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa   
27
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa   
24
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm   
Pa   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17   
40
1.50   
27
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.14   
28
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83   
14
2.50   
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+
568.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,814.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37
2,991.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34
1.72 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62   
99+
91   
27
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
62   
99+
91   
27
Number of Neutrons
88   
39
122   
21
Number of Electrons
62   
99+
91   
27
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
163.00 pm   
25
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
200.00 pm   
11
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
243.00 pm   
11
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu   
99+
231.04 amu   
24
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol   
19
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Promethium
  
Thorium
  
Next Element
Europium
  
Uranium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)   
37
92.00 (-eV)   
11
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm   
33
392.50 pm   
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3   
99+
15.37 g/cm3   
20
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3   
32
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa   
34
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa   
35
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa   
37
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
19
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Unknown   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.52   
99+
15.37   
12
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+
177.00 nΩ·m   
21
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
34
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K   
7
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K   
99+
47.00 W/m·K   
32
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol   
40
12.34 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K   
15
198.10 J/mol.K   
1
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