1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74406997440575
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Unknown
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %6 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
1.2.1 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
2.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
2.5.1 In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.0.02 p.p.m.
0
170000
3 Physical
3.1 Melting Point
271.30 °C1,064.43 °C
27
3410
4.5 Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C2,807.00 °C
147
5660
4.6 Appearance
4.6.1 Physical State
4.6.2 Color
4.6.3 Luster
4.7 Hardness
4.7.1 Mohs Hardness
4.7.3 Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa194.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.7.5 Vickers Hardness
4.8 Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s2,030.00 m/s
818
16200
5.3 Optical Properties
5.3.1 Refractive Index
5.3.3 Reflectivity
5.4 Allotropes
5.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.2 Electronegativity
7.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.5.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.5.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.5.6 Allen Electronegativity
7.7 Electropositivity
7.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.8 Ionization Energies
7.8.1 1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol890.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.9.3 2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol1,980.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.2.2 3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
8.3.2 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
8.3.4 5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
8.3.5 6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
8.3.7 7th Energy level
8.3.9 8th Energy Level
8.3.11 9th Energy Level
8.3.12 10th Energy Level
8.5.2 11th Energy Level
8.5.4 12th Energy Level
8.5.6 13th Energy Level
8.5.8 14th Energy Level
8.5.11 15th Energy Level
8.5.13 16th Energy Level
8.5.15 17th Energy Level
8.5.17 18th Energy Level
8.5.19 19th Energy Level
8.5.20 20th Energy Level
8.5.22 21st Energy Level
8.5.23 22nd Energy Level
8.5.25 23rd Energy Level
8.5.27 24th Energy Level
8.5.28 25th Energy Level
8.5.30 26th Energy Level
8.5.31 27th Energy Level
8.5.33 28th Energy Level
8.5.35 29th Energy Level
8.5.37 30th Energy Level
8.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr2.45 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.7 Electron Work Function
8.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
9.3 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.3 Number of Neutrons
9.4.6 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
156.00 pm151.00 pm
112
265
9.5.4 Covalent Radius
148.00 pm144.00 pm
96
260
9.5.6 Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm166.00 pm
139
348
10.2 Atomic Weight
208.98 amu196.97 amu
6.94
294
10.6 Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol10.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.7.1 Previous Element
10.7.2 Next Element
10.8 Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)43.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.9 Lattice Constant
667.40 pm407.82 pm
228.58
891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm319.30 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm317.31 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.4 Tensile Strength
11.5 Viscosity
11.8 Vapor Pressure
11.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA67.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
11.12 Elasticity properties
11.12.1 Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa27.00 GPa
1.3
222
12.1.2 Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa180.00 GPa
1.6
462
12.2.1 Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa79.00 GPa
1.7
528
12.4 Poisson Ratio
12.6 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
13.2.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
13.2.4 Susceptibility
13.3 Electrical Properties
13.3.1 Electrical Property
13.3.2 Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m2.20 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.45 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.4.1 Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol222.80 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K25.42 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.3 Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K318.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.5 Critical Temperature
15.6 Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)14.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.7 Enthalpy
15.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol324.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.2.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol12.55 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
16.3.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol364.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
16.5 Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K47.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1