Bismuth

Gold

Bismuth vs Gold

Bismuth

Gold

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

1511

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

p block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Post-Transition

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74406997440575

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

C12/m1

Fm_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

12.00225.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.

It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.

It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.

It is the most malleable and ductile metal.

Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Claude François Geoffroy

Unknown

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1753

Before 6000 BCE

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

7 * 10^-8 %6 * 10^-8 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.000006 %~0.0000001 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.

Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Low Toxic

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.02 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.20 p.p.m.0.02 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

271.30 °C1,064.43 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

1,560.00 °C2,807.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silver

Gold

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

2.252.50

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

70.00 MPa194.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NA216.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

1,790.00 m/s2,030.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NA95.00 %

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

3336

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.022.54

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

2.34NA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.671.42

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

2.151.87

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

2.011.92

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.981.46

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol890.10 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,610.00 kJ/mol1,980.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,466.00 kJ/molNA

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

4,370.00 kJ/molNA

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

5,400.00 kJ/molNA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

8,520.00 kJ/molNA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

2.60 g/amp-hr2.45 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.22 eV5.10 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

8379

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹

6.3 Crystal Structure

Rhombohedral (RHO)

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

8379

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

126118

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

8379

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

156.00 pm151.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

148.00 pm144.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

207.00 pm166.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

208.98 amu196.97 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

21.30 cm3/mol10.20 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

41.90 (-eV)43.40 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

667.40 pm407.82 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NA1.61

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

9.78 g/cm³19.30 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

10.05 g/cm317.31 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NA120.00 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA67.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

12.00 GPa27.00 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

31.00 GPa180.00 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

32.00 GPa79.00 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.330.40

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

9.7919.32

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

0.00 H/mNA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

0.00NA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Semiconductor

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

1.29 nΩ·m2.20 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 10⁶/cm Ω0.45 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

91.20 kJ/mol222.80 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.12 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.52 J/mol·K25.42 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

7.97 W/m·K318.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

13.40 µm/(m·K)14.20 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

151.00 kJ/mol324.40 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

10.90 kJ/mol12.55 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

207.10 kJ/mol364.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

56.70 J/mol.K47.40 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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