Symbol
Bi
La
Group Number
153
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
66
2
7
👆🏻
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
CAS Number
74406997439910
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
C12/m1
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
12.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery
In 1753
In 1838
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.0.08 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
271.30 °C920.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C3,469.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.252.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa350.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa360.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s2,475.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.501.80
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
70.00 %70.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Bi
La
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3331
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.021.10
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.341.10
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.671.08
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.151.10
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
2.011.10
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.982.90
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol538.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol1,067.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol1,850.30 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol4,819.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol5,940.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol5,380.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
7,030.00 kJ/mol5,380.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol5,380.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol5,380.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol5,380.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol5,380.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol5,380.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol5,380.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol5,380.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol53,800.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol53,800.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol538.10 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol5,380.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol538.10 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol538.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol538.10 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol538.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol5,380.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol538.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol538.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol538.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol538.10 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol538.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol538.10 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol538.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr1.73 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV3.50 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
8357
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
8357
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
12682
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
8357
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm187.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm207.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm240.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu138.91 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol20.73 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)40.71 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm377.20 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
-
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.861.62
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm36.16 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm35.94 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
32.00 MPa45.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.98 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa14.30 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa27.90 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa36.60 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.330.28
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.796.17
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m615.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol48.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K27.11 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K13.40 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
544.00 K1,193.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)12.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol399.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol6.20 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol431.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K56.90 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻