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Bismuth
Bismuth

Polonium
Polonium



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Bismuth vs Polonium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Bi
Po
1.2 Group Number
1516
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
66
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
p block
p block
1.5 Element Family
Post-​Transition
Post-​Transition
1.6 CAS Number
74406997440086
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
C12/m1
Pm-3m
1.8 Space Group Number
12.00221.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1753
In 1898
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
271.30 °C254.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C962.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
2.25NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Bi
Po
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3329
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.022.00
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.671.76
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.152.48
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
2.012.19
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
1.982.00
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/molNA
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/molNA
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr3.90 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.22 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
8384
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
6.3 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Monoclinic (MON)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
8384
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
126125
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
8384
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
156.00 pm168.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
148.00 pm140.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm197.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
208.98 amu209.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol22.23 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)NA
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
667.40 pm335.90 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm39.20 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm39.40 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
12.00 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
32.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.33NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
9.799.32
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Nonmagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
Copper
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
0.00NA
Aluminium
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m0.40 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol183.30 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K26.40 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K20.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)23.50 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol60.30 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol13.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol134.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium
9.5 198.1