1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
2.5 Block
2.6 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
2.7 CAS Number
74406997440677
7429905
54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
2.9 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %5 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
5.1.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %~0.000004 %
1E-08
0.1
5.2.2 Abundance In Meteorites
5.3.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.5.1 Abundance In Oceans
5.7.1 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
6.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
6.4.2 In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.0.10 p.p.m.
0
170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
271.30 °C1,852.00 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C4,377.00 °C
147
5660
7.5 Appearance
7.5.1 Physical State
7.5.2 Color
7.5.3 Luster
7.6 Hardness
7.6.1 Mohs Hardness
7.6.4 Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa638.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.7.1 Vickers Hardness
8.2 Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s3,800.00 m/s
818
16200
8.3 Optical Properties
8.3.1 Refractive Index
8.3.3 Reflectivity
8.4 Allotropes
8.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.4 Electronegativity
9.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.4.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.4.7 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.4.9 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.1.1 Allen Electronegativity
10.3 Electropositivity
10.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.4 Ionization Energies
10.4.1 1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.5.1 2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol1,270.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol2,218.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.6.2 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol3,313.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.7.2 5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol7,752.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
10.7.4 6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol9,500.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
10.8.3 7th Energy level
10.8.5 8th Energy Level
10.8.8 9th Energy Level
10.8.10 10th Energy Level
10.8.14 11th Energy Level
10.10.1 12th Energy Level
10.11.1 13th Energy Level
11.1.1 14th Energy Level
11.1.2 15th Energy Level
11.4.2 16th Energy Level
11.4.3 17th Energy Level
11.4.5 18th Energy Level
11.4.6 19th Energy Level
11.4.8 20th Energy Level
11.4.9 21st Energy Level
11.5.2 22nd Energy Level
11.5.3 23rd Energy Level
11.5.5 24th Energy Level
11.5.6 25th Energy Level
11.5.8 26th Energy Level
11.6.1 27th Energy Level
11.6.2 28th Energy Level
11.6.3 29th Energy Level
11.7.1 30th Energy Level
11.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr0.85 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.11 Electron Work Function
11.13 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.4 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
12.5 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
13.0.1 Crystal Lattice
13.2 Atom
13.2.2 Number of Protons
13.2.3 Number of Neutrons
13.2.5 Number of Electrons
13.5 Radius of an Atom
13.5.1 Atomic Radius
156.00 pm160.00 pm
112
265
13.6.2 Covalent Radius
148.00 pm175.00 pm
96
260
13.6.3 Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
13.7 Atomic Weight
208.98 amu91.22 amu
6.94
294
13.9 Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol14.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.10.1 Previous Element
13.10.2 Next Element
13.11 Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)80.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.12 Lattice Constant
667.40 pm323.20 pm
228.58
891.25
13.13 Lattice Angles
13.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm36.52 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm35.80 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.2 Tensile Strength
15.3 Viscosity
15.5 Vapor Pressure
15.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.6 Elasticity properties
15.6.1 Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa33.00 GPa
1.3
222
15.6.3 Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa91.10 GPa
1.6
462
16.1.1 Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa88.00 GPa
1.7
528
16.3 Poisson Ratio
16.4 Other Mechanical Properties
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
17.1.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
17.1.4 Susceptibility
17.3 Electrical Properties
17.3.1 Electrical Property
17.3.2 Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m421.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
17.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
17.5.2 Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol41.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
18 Thermal
18.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.27 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
18.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K25.36 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
18.3 Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K22.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
18.5 Critical Temperature
18.6 Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)5.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
18.7 Enthalpy
18.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol581.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
18.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol20.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
18.7.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol598.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
18.8 Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K39.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1