1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
74407027429905
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Hans Christian Oersted
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-3 %5 * 10-3 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.007 %~0.006 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.8 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.10 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.12 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-30.39 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.6 In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.27.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
839.00 °C660.37 °C
27
3410
4.3 Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C2,467.00 °C
147
5660
4.4 Appearance
4.4.1 Physical State
4.5.1 Color
4.5.2 Luster
4.6 Hardness
4.6.1 Mohs Hardness
5.1.1 Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa160.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.1.2 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s5,000.00 m/s
818
16200
5.6 Optical Properties
5.6.1 Refractive Index
5.6.2 Reflectivity
5.7 Allotropes
5.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.4.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.4.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.5.1 Allen Electronegativity
6.7 Electropositivity
6.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.10 Ionization Energies
6.10.1 1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.10.2 2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol1,816.70 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.11.1 3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol2,744.80 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.13.1 4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol11,577.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.1.2 5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/mol14,842.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.1.3 6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/mol18,379.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
7.1.5 7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/mol23,326.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
7.2.1 8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/mol27,465.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
7.2.2 9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/mol31,853.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
7.3.1 10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/mol38,473.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
7.4.2 11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/mol42,647.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
7.4.4 12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
7.5.2 13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
7.5.4 14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
7.5.5 15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
7.5.7 16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
7.6.1 17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
7.6.2 18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
8.1.2 19th Energy Level
8.1.5 20th Energy Level
8.1.7 21st Energy Level
8.1.8 22nd Energy Level
8.2.3 23rd Energy Level
8.2.4 24th Energy Level
8.2.6 25th Energy Level
8.2.7 26th Energy Level
8.2.9 27th Energy Level
8.2.10 28th Energy Level
8.2.11 29th Energy Level
9.1.1 30th Energy Level
9.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr0.34 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.4 Electron Work Function
9.6 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.3 Electron Configuration
10.4 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
10.4.1 Crystal Lattice
10.5 Atom
10.5.1 Number of Protons
10.6.1 Number of Neutrons
10.7.2 Number of Electrons
10.8 Radius of an Atom
10.8.1 Atomic Radius
197.00 pm143.00 pm
112
265
10.8.2 Covalent Radius
176.00 pm121.00 pm
96
260
10.8.4 Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm184.00 pm
139
348
10.9 Atomic Weight
40.08 amu26.98 amu
6.94
294
10.11 Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol10.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.12 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.12.1 Previous Element
10.12.2 Next Element
10.13 Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)80.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.14 Lattice Constant
558.84 pm404.95 pm
228.58
891.25
10.15 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.16 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm32.70 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm32.38 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa26.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa76.00 GPa
1.6
462
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa70.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
12.1.3 Permeability
NA0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m28.20 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω0.38 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol42.50 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)0.90 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K24.20 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K237.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)23.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol293.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol10.67 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol322.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K28.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1