1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.11 Block
1.12 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
1.13 CAS Number
74407027439987
7429905
54386242
1.18 Space Group Name
1.19 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
- Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
- Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-3 %5 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
4.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.007 %~0.0000009 %
1E-08
0.1
5.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
5.4.8 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.4.15 Abundance In Oceans
5.4.18 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
- Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
- Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
7.2.7 In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.0.70 p.p.m.
0
170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
839.00 °C2,617.00 °C
27
3410
10.2 Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C4,612.00 °C
147
5660
11.4 Appearance
11.4.1 Physical State
11.4.2 Color
11.4.3 Luster
11.5 Hardness
11.5.1 Mohs Hardness
13.1.1 Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa1,370.00 MPa
0.14
3490
13.3.2 Vickers Hardness
14.3 Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s5,400.00 m/s
818
16200
14.11 Optical Properties
14.11.1 Refractive Index
14.12.3 Reflectivity
14.13 Allotropes
14.13.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14.13.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14.13.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15 Chemical
15.1 Chemical Formula
15.2 Isotopes
15.2.1 Known Isotopes
16.3 Electronegativity
16.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
16.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
16.7.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
16.8.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
17.4.2 Allen Electronegativity
18.3 Electropositivity
18.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
18.4 Ionization Energies
18.4.1 1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol684.30 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
18.7.2 2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol1,560.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
18.7.3 3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol2,618.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
18.11.2 4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol4,480.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
18.12.3 5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/mol5,257.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
18.14.3 6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/mol6,640.80 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
19.1.2 7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/mol12,125.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
19.1.6 8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/mol13,860.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
19.1.9 9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/mol15,835.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
19.2.3 10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/mol17,980.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
19.5.1 11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/mol20,190.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
19.6.5 12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/mol22,219.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
19.6.9 13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/mol26,930.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
19.7.3 14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/mol29,196.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
19.7.6 15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/mol52,490.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
19.8.3 16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/mol55,000.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
19.9.3 17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/mol61,400.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
19.9.6 18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/mol67,700.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
19.10.1 19th Energy Level
NA74,000.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
19.10.5 20th Energy Level
NA80,400.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
20.1.2 21st Energy Level
NA87,000.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
20.1.4 22nd Energy Level
NA93,400.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
20.1.9 23rd Energy Level
NA98,420.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
20.1.10 24th Energy Level
NA104,400.00 kJ/mol
104400
195200
20.1.12 25th Energy Level
NA121,900.00 kJ/mol
121900
121900
20.1.13 26th Energy Level
NA127,700.00 kJ/mol
127700
127700
20.1.14 27th Energy Level
NA133,800.00 kJ/mol
133800
133800
20.1.15 28th Energy Level
NA139,800.00 kJ/mol
139800
139800
20.1.16 29th Energy Level
NA148,100.00 kJ/mol
148100
148100
20.1.17 30th Energy Level
NA154,500.00 kJ/mol
154500
154500
20.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr0.89 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
20.4 Electron Work Function
20.5 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
21 Atomic
21.1 Atomic Number
21.2 Electron Configuration
21.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
21.3.1 Crystal Lattice
21.4 Atom
21.4.1 Number of Protons
22.3.1 Number of Neutrons
22.4.2 Number of Electrons
22.6 Radius of an Atom
22.6.1 Atomic Radius
197.00 pm139.00 pm
112
265
22.6.6 Covalent Radius
176.00 pm154.00 pm
96
260
22.7.6 Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
22.9 Atomic Weight
40.08 amu95.95 amu
6.94
294
22.12 Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol9.40 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
22.14 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
22.14.1 Previous Element
22.14.2 Next Element
22.15 Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)88.60 (-eV)
8
392.42
23.3 Lattice Constant
558.84 pm314.70 pm
228.58
891.25
23.4 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
23.5 Lattice C/A Ratio
25 Mechanical
25.1 Density
25.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm310.28 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
25.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm39.33 g/cm3
0.512
20
25.6 Tensile Strength
26.2 Viscosity
26.6 Vapor Pressure
26.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
26.6.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
26.7 Elasticity properties
26.7.1 Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa126.00 GPa
1.3
222
26.9.2 Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa230.00 GPa
1.6
462
26.9.7 Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa329.00 GPa
1.7
528
26.12 Poisson Ratio
26.15 Other Mechanical Properties
27 Magnetic
27.1 Magnetic Characteristics
27.1.1 Specific Gravity
27.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
27.2.2 Permeability
27.5.1 Susceptibility
27.8 Electrical Properties
27.8.1 Electrical Property
27.8.2 Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m53.40 nΩ·m
0.18
961
27.11.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω0.19 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
28.1.2 Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol71.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
30 Thermal
30.1 Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)0.25 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
30.4 Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K24.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
31.4 Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K138.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
31.8 Critical Temperature
31.11 Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)4.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
31.14 Enthalpy
31.14.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol594.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
31.16.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol27.61 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
31.16.6 Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol653.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
31.19 Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K28.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1