Calcium

Samarium

Calcium vs Samarium

Calcium

Samarium

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Periodic Table

Symbol

Group Number

0 17

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Period Number

2 7

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Block

s block

f block

Element Family

Alkaline Earth

Lanthanide

CAS Number

74407027440199

7429905 54386242

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Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

R_ 3m

Space Group Number

225.00166.00

11 276

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Facts

Interesting Facts

Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.

It is found in the compound state.

Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.

Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.

Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

History

Who Discovered

Humphry Davy

Lecoq de Boisbaudran

Discovery

In 1808

In 1879

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.01 %0.00 %

0 0.11

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Abundance In Sun

0.01 %0.00 %

0 0.1

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Abundance In Meteorites

1.10 %0.00 %

0 22

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Abundance In Earth's Crust

5.00 %0.00 %

1E-37 8.1

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Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

0 1.1

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Abundance In Humans

1.40 %0.00 %

0 1.4

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Uses

Uses & Benefits

It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.

Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.

Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.

Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry

Other Uses

Alloys

Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Non Toxic

Slightly Toxic

Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

In Blood

60.50 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

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In Bone

170,000.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

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Physical

Melting Point

839.00 °C1,072.00 °C

-38.83 3410

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Boiling Point

1,484.00 °C1,900.00 °C

0 5660

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Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Gray

Silvery White

Luster

Lustrous

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

1.755.50

0.2 8.5

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Brinell Hardness

170.00 MPa441.00 MPa

0.14 3490

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Vickers Hardness

170.00 MPa412.00 MPa

0 3920

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Speed of Sound

3,810.00 m/s2,130.00 m/s

818 16200

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Optical Properties

Refractive Index

1.541.80

0.155 3.41

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Reflectivity

60.00 %65.00 %

5 97

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Allotropes

✔ ✘

α Allotropes

β Allotropes

γ Allotropes

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

1930

0 38

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Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

1.001.17

0 2.6

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Sanderson Electronegativity

0.951.17

0.22 2.56

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Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.041.07

0.86 1.9

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Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.081.17

0.62 2.48

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Allen Electronegativity

1.031.17

0.659 2.7

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Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

3.002.83

1.46 3.3

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Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

589.80 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

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2nd Energy Level

1,145.40 kJ/mol1,070.00 kJ/mol

392.8 28750

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3rd Energy Level

4,912.40 kJ/mol2,260.00 kJ/mol

392.8 34230

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4th Energy Level

6,491.00 kJ/mol3,990.00 kJ/mol

375.7 37066

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5th Energy Level

8,153.00 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol

392 97510

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6th Energy Level

10,496.00 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol

1007 105800

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7th Energy level

12,270.00 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol

1007 114300

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8th Energy Level

14,206.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol

730 125300

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9th Energy Level

18,191.00 kJ/mol5,440.00 kJ/mol

1007 134700

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10th Energy Level

20,385.00 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol

392 144300

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11th Energy Level

57,110.00 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol

392 169988

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12th Energy Level

63,410.00 kJ/mol5,440.00 kJ/mol

0 189368

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13th Energy Level

70,110.00 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol

1007 76015

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14th Energy Level

78,890.00 kJ/mol5,450.00 kJ/mol

380 86450

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15th Energy Level

86,310.00 kJ/mol54,450.00 kJ/mol

33000 100700

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16th Energy Level

94,000.00 kJ/mol54,400.00 kJ/mol

375.7 109480

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17th Energy Level

104,900.00 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol

375.7 122200

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18th Energy Level

111,711.00 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol

0 134810

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19th Energy Level

590.60 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol

375.7 148700

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20th Energy Level

590.00 kJ/mol624.00 kJ/mol

0 171200

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21st Energy Level

590.60 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol

375.7 179100

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22nd Energy Level

590.00 kJ/mol624.00 kJ/mol

330 184900

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23rd Energy Level

590.60 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol

357.6 198800

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24th Energy Level

590.60 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol

297.3 195200

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25th Energy Level

590.00 kJ/mol544.00 kJ/mol

0 121900

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26th Energy Level

590.60 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol

357.6 127700

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27th Energy Level

590.60 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol

0 133800

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28th Energy Level

590.60 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol

297.3 139800

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29th Energy Level

590.60 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol

0 148100

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30th Energy Level

590.00 kJ/mol544.00 kJ/mol

0 154500

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Electrochemical Equivalent

0.75 g/amp-hr1.87 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

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Electron Work Function

2.87 eV2.70 eV

2.14 6

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Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Atomic

Atomic Number

2062

3 117

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Electron Configuration

[Ar] 4s²

[Xe] 4f⁶ 6s²

Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Rhombohedral (RHO)

Crystal Lattice

Atom

Number of Protons

2062

3 117

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Number of Neutrons

2088

4 285

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Number of Electrons

2062

3 117

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Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

197.00 pm180.00 pm

0 348

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Covalent Radius

176.00 pm198.00 pm

0 260

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Van der Waals Radius

231.00 pm229.00 pm

0 348

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Atomic Weight

40.08 amu150.36 amu

6.94 294

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Atomic Volume

29.90 cm3/mol19.95 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

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Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

29.00 (-eV)44.80 (-eV)

0 392.42

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Lattice Constant

558.84 pm362.10 pm

0 891.25

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Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.551.62

0.423 1.9

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Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

1.55 g/cm³7.52 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

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Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

1.38 g/cm37.16 g/cm3

0.512 41

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Tensile Strength

20.00 MPa50.00 MPa

0.1 11000

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Viscosity

0.000.00

1.5E-05 0.0035

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Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

25.50 (Pa)0.94 (Pa)

0 121

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Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

0 774

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Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

7.40 GPa19.50 GPa

1.3 222

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Bulk Modulus

17.00 GPa37.80 GPa

0 462

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Young's Modulus

20.00 GPa49.70 GPa

0 528

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Poisson Ratio

0.310.27

0.032 0.47

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Other Mechanical Properties

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

4.587.52

0.53 4500

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Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

Permeability

0.00 H/m0.00 H/m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

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Susceptibility

0.000.00

-0.000166 200000

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Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Conductor

Resistivity

33.60 nΩ·m0.94 nΩ·m

0.1 961

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Electrical Conductivity

0.30 10⁶/cm Ω0.01 10⁶/cm Ω

0 0.63

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Electron Affinity

2.37 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

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Thermal

Specific Heat

0.63 J/(kg K)0.20 J/(kg K)

0.1 3.6

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Molar Heat Capacity

25.93 J/mol·K29.54 J/mol·K

13.1 62.7

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Thermal Conductivity

201.00 W/m·K13.30 W/m·K

0 429

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Critical Temperature

1,115.00 K1,345.00 K

26.3 3695

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Thermal Expansion

22.30 µm/(m·K)12.70 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

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Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

150.00 kJ/mol166.40 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

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Enthalpy of Fusion

8.54 kJ/mol8.62 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

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Enthalpy of Atomization

184.00 kJ/mol209.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

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Standard Molar Entropy

41.60 J/mol.K69.60 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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