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Californium vs Beryllium

Californium
Beryllium
Beryllium vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Be   
Group Number
Not Available   
2   
16
Period Number
7   
2   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440417   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1797   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-7 %   
23
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.00000001 %   
29
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
35
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
1,278.00 °C   
36
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
2,970.00 °C   
32
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
White Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
590.00 MPa   
21
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
12,890.00 m/s   
2
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Be   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
9   
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.57   
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.81   
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.54   
12
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.58   
23
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.43   
30
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
4   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[He] 2s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
4   
99+
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
5   
99+
Number of Electrons
98   
20
4   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
112.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
96.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
153.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
9.01 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Lithium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Sodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
82.00 (-eV)   
15
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
228.58 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
18
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
132.00 GPa   
7
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
130.00 GPa   
13
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
287.00 GPa   
7
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.03   
35
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
1.85   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
200.00 W/m·K   
6
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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