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Beryllium vs Americium

Beryllium
Americium
Americium vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Am   
Group Number
2   
16
Not Available   
Period Number
2   
7   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440359   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Discovery
In 1797   
In 1944   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
994.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
2,607.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Am   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
95   
23
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
95   
23
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
148   
12
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
95   
23
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
173.00 pm   
21
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
180.00 pm   
21
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
244.00 pm   
10
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
243.00 amu   
20
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Plutonium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Curium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
44.00 (-eV)   
40
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
346.81 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
12.00 g/cm3   
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
0.00 (Pa)   
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
13.67   
15
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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