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Californium vs Francium

Californium
Francium
Francium vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Fr   
Group Number
Not Available   
1   
17
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440735   
18
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Formed by Decay Process, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Marguerite Perey   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1939   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
NA   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
27.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
677.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
NA   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Fr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
0.70   
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
0.86   
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.68   
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.67   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
3.30   
1
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
8.32 g/amp-hr   
1
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
87   
31
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Rn] 7s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
87   
31
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
136   
17
Number of Electrons
98   
20
87   
31
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
Not Available   
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
260.00 pm   
1
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
348.00 pm   
1
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
223.00 amu   
27
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Polonium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Radium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
8.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
1.87 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
3.00 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
15.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
71.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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