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Francium vs Californium

Francium
Californium
Californium vs Francium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fr   
Cf   
Group Number
1   
17
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440735   
18
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
Not Available   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1939   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
27.00 °C   
99+
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
677.00 °C   
99+
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
NA   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
3.00   
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fr   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.70   
99+
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86   
99+
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68   
25
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.67   
99+
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.30   
1
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr   
1
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
87   
31
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
87   
31
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
136   
17
153   
9
Number of Electrons
87   
31
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
260.00 pm   
1
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm   
1
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
223.00 amu   
27
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Polonium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Radium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)   
99+
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm3   
99+
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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