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Californium vs Osmium

Californium
Osmium
Osmium vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf  
Os  
Group Number
3  
15
8  
10
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440713  
20
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1950  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
900.00 °C  
99+
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C  
99+
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa  
99+
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
1,800.00 MPa  
7
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cf  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
98  
20
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98  
20
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
114  
26
Number of Electrons
98  
20
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu  
17
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm  
99+
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3  
21
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.10 g/cm3  
22
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.00 GPa  
29
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10  
24
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
900.00 K  
99+
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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