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Californium vs Osmium

Californium
Osmium
Osmium vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Os   
Group Number
Not Available   
8   
10
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440042   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Smithson Tennant   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-7 %   
21
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
3,045.00 °C   
3
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
5,027.00 °C   
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
7.00   
3
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
3,490.00 MPa   
1
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Os   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
2.20   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.52   
12
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.83 eV   
8
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
76   
40
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
76   
39
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
114   
25
Number of Electrons
98   
20
76   
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
133.80 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
216.00 pm   
24
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
190.23 amu   
35
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
91.40 (-eV)   
12
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
273.44 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
14
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
22.59 g/cm3   
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
20.00 g/cm3   
1
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
222.00 GPa   
1
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
462.00 GPa   
1
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
22.57   
2
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
87.60 W/m·K   
19
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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