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Osmium vs Neptunium

Osmium
Neptunium
Neptunium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Np   
Group Number
8   
10
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7439998   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Pnma   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
62.00   
11
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Not Available   
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1940   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
640.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
3,902.00 °C   
13
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Np   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.36   
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.22   
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
604.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,997.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,242.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
1.77 g/amp-hr   
39
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
93   
25
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
93   
25
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
144   
14
Number of Electrons
76   
39
93   
25
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
155.00 pm   
30
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
190.00 pm   
18
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
221.00 pm   
22
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
237.00 amu   
22
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
11.62 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Uranium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Plutonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
96.00 (-eV)   
9
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
666.30 pm   
3
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
19.38 g/cm3   
14
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
125.00 MPa   
14
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
0.11 (Pa)   
17
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
20.25   
6
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
1.22 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
29.46 J/mol·K   
8
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
6.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
3.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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