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Neptunium vs Yttrium

Neptunium
Yttrium
Yttrium vs Neptunium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Np  
Y  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439998  
99+
7440655  
25
Space Group Name
Pnma  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
62.00  
14
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Neptunium was the first transuranium element to be discovered.  
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson  
Johan Gadolin  
Discovery
In 1940  
In 1794  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
26
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
Physical
Melting Point
640.00 °C  
99+
1,523.00 °C  
27
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C  
13
3,337.00 °C  
22
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
622.00 MPa  
23
589.00 MPa  
26
Vickers Hardness
640.00 MPa  
23
590.00 MPa  
29
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
3,300.00 m/s  
34
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
64.00 %  
19
83.00 %  
6
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Np  
Y  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36  
30
1.22  
39
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.36  
23
0.65  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.36  
31
1.22  
38
Allen Electronegativity
1.36  
37
1.12  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64  
25
2.78  
16
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
19
5th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,430.00 kJ/mol  
22
6th Energy Level
5,785.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,970.00 kJ/mol  
23
7th Energy level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,190.00 kJ/mol  
18
8th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,450.00 kJ/mol  
18
9th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,110.00 kJ/mol  
19
10th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,400.00 kJ/mol  
17
11th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
12th Energy Level
61,800.00 kJ/mol  
13
36,090.00 kJ/mol  
25
13th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
40
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
29
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
33
15th Energy Level
60,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
60,420.00 kJ/mol  
31
60,000.00 kJ/mol  
34
17th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
17
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
40
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
18
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
3.10 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
93  
25
39  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2  
[Kr] 4d1 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
93  
25
39  
99+
Number of Neutrons
144  
15
50  
99+
Number of Electrons
93  
25
39  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm  
32
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm  
18
190.00 pm  
18
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
27
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu  
22
88.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol  
99+
19.80 cm3/mol  
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Uranium
  
Strontium
  
Next Element
Plutonium
  
Zirconium
  
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)  
9
48.00 (-eV)  
31
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm  
3
364.74 pm  
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.43  
99+
1.57  
39
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3  
14
4.47 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.25 g/cm3  
10
4.24 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
160.00 MPa  
22
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
18
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)  
17
4.27 (Pa)  
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
25.60 GPa  
37
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
41.20 GPa  
35
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
63.50 GPa  
34
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.24  
26
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
20.25  
15
4.47  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m  
99+
596.00 nΩ·m  
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
118.60 kJ/mol  
6
29.60 kJ/mol  
36
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K  
10
26.53 J/mol·K  
35
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K  
99+
17.20 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
1,799.00 K  
31
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
35
10.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
336.00 kJ/mol  
39
393.00 kJ/mol  
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol  
99+
17.15 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
275.30 kJ/mol  
99+
418.00 kJ/mol  
23
Standard Molar Entropy
64.00 J/mol.K  
21
44.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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