1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74404627440713
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
-
In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
-
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
28.50 °C900.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
678.40 °C1,470.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
1.1.1 Brinell Hardness
1.2.1 Vickers Hardness
1.4 Speed of Sound
1.6 Optical Properties
1.6.1 Refractive Index
1.7.1 Reflectivity
1.8 Allotropes
1.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2 Chemical
2.1 Chemical Formula
2.2 Isotopes
2.2.1 Known Isotopes
2.4 Electronegativity
2.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.4.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
2.5.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.5.2 Allen Electronegativity
2.6 Electropositivity
2.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.7 Ionization Energies
2.7.1 1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol608.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
2.7.2 2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol1,206.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
2.7.3 3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol2,267.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
2.7.4 4th Energy Level
NA3,599.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
2.7.5 5th Energy Level
2.7.6 6th Energy Level
2.7.7 7th Energy level
2.7.8 8th Energy Level
2.7.9 9th Energy Level
2.7.10 10th Energy Level
2.7.11 11th Energy Level
2.7.12 12th Energy Level
2.7.13 13th Energy Level
2.7.14 14th Energy Level
2.7.15 15th Energy Level
2.7.16 16th Energy Level
2.7.17 17th Energy Level
2.7.18 18th Energy Level
2.7.19 19th Energy Level
2.7.20 20th Energy Level
2.7.21 21st Energy Level
2.7.22 22nd Energy Level
2.7.23 23rd Energy Level
2.7.24 24th Energy Level
2.7.25 25th Energy Level
2.7.26 26th Energy Level
2.7.27 27th Energy Level
2.7.28 28th Energy Level
2.7.29 29th Energy Level
2.7.30 30th Energy Level
2.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr3.12 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
2.9 Electron Work Function
2.10 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
3 Atomic
3.1 Atomic Number
3.2 Electron Configuration
3.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
3.3.1 Crystal Lattice
3.4 Atom
3.4.1 Number of Protons
3.4.2 Number of Neutrons
3.4.3 Number of Electrons
3.5 Radius of an Atom
3.5.1 Atomic Radius
265.00 pm186.00 pm
112
265
3.5.2 Covalent Radius
3.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
3.6 Atomic Weight
132.91 amu251.00 amu
6.94
294
3.7 Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
3.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
3.8.1 Previous Element
3.8.2 Next Element
3.9 Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)44.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
3.10 Lattice Constant
614.10 pm338.00 pm
228.58
891.25
3.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
3.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
4 Mechanical
4.1 Density
4.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm315.10 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
4.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.2 Tensile Strength
4.3 Viscosity
4.4 Vapor Pressure
4.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
4.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.5 Elasticity properties
4.5.1 Shear Modulus
4.5.2 Bulk Modulus
4.5.3 Young's Modulus
4.6 Poisson Ratio
4.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Malleable, Sectile
5 Magnetic
5.1 Magnetic Characteristics
5.1.1 Specific Gravity
5.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
5.1.3 Permeability
5.1.4 Susceptibility
5.2 Electrical Properties
5.2.1 Electrical Property
5.2.2 Resistivity
5.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
5.2.4 Electron Affinity
6 Thermal
6.1 Specific Heat
6.2 Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
6.3 Thermal Conductivity
6.4 Critical Temperature
6.5 Thermal Expansion
6.6 Enthalpy
6.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
6.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
6.7 Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1