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Cesium
Cesium

Protactinium
Protactinium



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Protactinium

Cesium vs Protactinium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cs
Pa
1.2 Group Number
1NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.4 Period Number
67
Lithium
2 7
1.6 Block
s block
f block
1.7 Element Family
Alkali
Actinide
1.8 CAS Number
74404627440133
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.9 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
I4/mmm
1.10 Space Group Number
229.00139.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
William Crookes
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1860
In 1900
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.5.1 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Tin
2E-23 1.1
2.6.1 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
NA
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
28.50 °C1,568.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
678.40 °C4,027.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery Gold
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
0.20NA
Tin
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPaNA
Palladium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NANA
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Cs
Pa
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3627
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
0.791.50
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22NA
Sodium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.861.14
Potassium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62NA
Sodium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
0.66NA
Francium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
3.212.50
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol568.00 kJ/mol
Palladium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol1,128.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol1,814.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA2,991.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr1.72 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
2.14 eVNA
Potassium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
5591
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Tetragonal (TETR)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
5591
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
78122
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
5591
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
265.00 pm163.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
244.00 pm200.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm243.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
132.91 amu231.04 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol15.00 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)92.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
614.10 pm392.50 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm315.37 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NANA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPaNA
Tin
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
1.70 GPaNA
Palladium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Unknown
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.8715.37
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m177.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/molNA
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K47.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
1,938.00 KNA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)9.90 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/molNA
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol12.34 kJ/mol
Tin
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/molNA
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K198.10 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1