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Chemical Properties of Thorium and Gadolinium

Thorium
Gadolinium
Chemical Properties of Gadolinium and Thorium


Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th   
Gd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28   
11
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.20   
39
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.11   
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.80   
15
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
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