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Chemical Properties of Gadolinium and Thorium

Gadolinium
Thorium
Chemical Properties of Thorium and Gadolinium


Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Gd   
Th   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
28   
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.11   
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80   
15
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
3.41 eV   
32
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
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