1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Probably Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
744047354100719
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798
In 2000
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %NA
5E-09
0.11
3.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.002 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.6.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.6.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.1.2 Abundance In Oceans
4.4.2 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
- Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
5.2.7 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
6.5 Boiling Point
6.8 Appearance
6.8.1 Physical State
6.8.2 Color
6.8.3 Luster
6.9 Hardness
6.9.1 Mohs Hardness
6.12.1 Brinell Hardness
7.3.1 Vickers Hardness
7.5 Speed of Sound
8.2 Optical Properties
8.2.1 Refractive Index
8.3.2 Reflectivity
8.4 Allotropes
8.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.5 Electronegativity
9.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.6.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.7.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.9.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.1.2 Allen Electronegativity
10.2 Electropositivity
10.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.3 Ionization Energies
10.3.1 1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol723.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.4.3 2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol1,331.50 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.5.1 3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol2,846.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.1.2 4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol3,811.20 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.1.5 5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol6,078.60 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
11.1.7 6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
11.1.9 7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
12.2.3 8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
12.3.1 9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
12.3.2 10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
12.4.1 11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
12.5.1 12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
13.2.1 13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
13.3.1 14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
13.5.1 15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
13.5.3 16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
13.6.2 17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
13.7.1 18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
13.9.2 19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
13.9.3 20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
13.9.5 21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
13.9.6 22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/molNA
93400
184900
13.9.8 23rd Energy Level
13.9.9 24th Energy Level
13.10.1 25th Energy Level
13.10.2 26th Energy Level
13.10.3 27th Energy Level
13.10.4 28th Energy Level
13.10.5 29th Energy Level
13.10.6 30th Energy Level
13.11 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
13.12 Electron Work Function
13.13 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4
14.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Not Known
14.3.1 Crystal Lattice
14.4 Atom
14.4.1 Number of Protons
14.4.2 Number of Neutrons
14.4.3 Number of Electrons
14.5 Radius of an Atom
14.5.1 Atomic Radius
14.5.2 Covalent Radius
14.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
14.6 Atomic Weight
52.00 amu293.00 amu
6.94
294
14.7 Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
14.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.8.1 Previous Element
14.8.2 Next Element
14.9 Valence Electron Potential
14.10 Lattice Constant
291.00 pmNA
228.58
891.25
14.11 Lattice Angles
14.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.2 Tensile Strength
15.3 Viscosity
15.4 Vapor Pressure
15.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)NA
2.62E-10
774
15.5 Elasticity properties
15.5.1 Shear Modulus
15.5.2 Bulk Modulus
15.5.3 Young's Modulus
15.6 Poisson Ratio
15.7 Other Mechanical Properties
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
16.1.3 Permeability
16.1.4 Susceptibility
16.2 Electrical Properties
16.2.1 Electrical Property
16.2.2 Resistivity
16.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
16.2.4 Electron Affinity
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
17.3 Thermal Conductivity
17.4 Critical Temperature
17.5 Thermal Expansion
17.6 Enthalpy
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
17.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
17.7 Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1