Chromium

Protactinium

Chromium Protactinium Comparison

Chromium

Protactinium

Add ⊕

1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

6NA

0 17

1.6 Period Number

2 7

1.10 Block

d block

f block

1.11 Element Family

Transition Metal

Actinide

1.13 CAS Number

74404737440133

7429905 54386242

1.17 Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

I4/mmm

1.18 Space Group Number

229.00139.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.

Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.

Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.

Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

William Crookes

2.3.2 Discovery

In Between 1797 - 1798

In 1900

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

1.5 * 10^-3 %NA

5E-09 0.11

3.5.1 Abundance In Sun

~0.002 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

3.5.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.30 %NA

1.7E-07 22

3.6.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.01 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.6.4 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.8.1 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %NA

1E-13 1.4

5 Uses

5.1 Uses & Benefits

It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.

Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.

5.1.1 Industrial Uses

Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry

5.1.2 Medical Uses

5.1.4 Other Uses

Alloys

5.2 Biological Properties

5.2.2 Toxicity

Highly Toxic

5.2.3 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

5.2.4 In Blood

0.11 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

5.3.2 In Bone

0.33 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

7 Physical

7.1 Melting Point

1,857.00 °C1,568.00 °C

27 3410

7.5 Boiling Point

2,672.00 °C4,027.00 °C

147 5660

7.6 Appearance

7.6.1 Physical State

Solid

7.6.2 Color

Silver

7.6.3 Luster

Metallic

7.7 Hardness

7.7.1 Mohs Hardness

8.50NA

0.2 8.5

7.8.1 Brinell Hardness

687.00 MPaNA

0.14 3490

7.9.3 Vickers Hardness

1,060.00 MPaNA

121 3430

8.3 Speed of Sound

5,940.00 m/sNA

818 16200

8.5 Optical Properties

8.5.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

8.5.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

8.6 Allotropes

✔ ✘

8.6.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

8.6.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

8.6.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

9 Chemical

9.1 Chemical Formula

9.2 Isotopes

9.2.1 Known Isotopes

2127

0 38

9.3 Electronegativity

9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.661.50

0.7 2.54

9.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.66NA

0.22 2.56

9.5.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.561.14

0.86 1.82

9.5.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

9.5.10 Allen Electronegativity

1.65NA

0.659 2.7

9.6 Electropositivity

9.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.342.50

1.46 3.3

9.7 Ionization Energies

9.7.1 1st Energy Level

26,130.00 kJ/mol568.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

9.7.3 2nd Energy Level

28,750.00 kJ/mol1,128.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

9.7.5 3rd Energy Level

34,230.00 kJ/mol1,814.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

9.7.7 4th Energy Level

37,066.00 kJ/mol2,991.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

9.7.9 5th Energy Level

97,510.00 kJ/molNA

4305.2 97510

9.7.11 6th Energy Level

105,800.00 kJ/molNA

5715.8 105800

9.7.13 7th Energy level

114,300.00 kJ/molNA

7226.8 114300

9.7.15 8th Energy Level

125,300.00 kJ/molNA

8857.4 125300

9.7.17 9th Energy Level

134,700.00 kJ/molNA

14110 134700

9.7.19 10th Energy Level

144,300.00 kJ/molNA

17100 144300

9.7.22 11th Energy Level

26,130.00 kJ/molNA

19900 169988

9.7.26 12th Energy Level

28,750.00 kJ/molNA

22219 189368

9.7.30 13th Energy Level

34,230.00 kJ/molNA

26930 76015

9.7.33 14th Energy Level

37,066.00 kJ/molNA

29196 86450

9.9.1 15th Energy Level

97,510.00 kJ/molNA

41987 97510

9.9.2 16th Energy Level

105,800.00 kJ/molNA

47206 109480

10.1.1 17th Energy Level

114,300.00 kJ/molNA

52737 122200

10.4.2 18th Energy Level

125,300.00 kJ/molNA

58570 134810

10.4.4 19th Energy Level

134,700.00 kJ/molNA

64702 148700

10.4.5 20th Energy Level

144,300.00 kJ/molNA

80400 171200

10.4.6 21st Energy Level

157,700.00 kJ/molNA

87000 179100

10.4.8 22nd Energy Level

166,090.00 kJ/molNA

93400 184900

10.4.9 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

10.4.10 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

10.5.2 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

10.5.3 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

10.5.5 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

10.5.6 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

10.5.8 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

10.6.1 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

10.7 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.32 g/amp-hr1.72 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

10.9 Electron Work Function

4.50 eVNA

2.14 5.65

10.10 Other Chemical Properties

Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

11 Atomic

11.1 Atomic Number

2491

3 117

11.4 Electron Configuration

[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹

[Rn] 5f² 6d¹ 7s²

11.5 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Tetragonal (TETR)

11.5.1 Crystal Lattice

11.6 Atom

11.6.1 Number of Protons

2491

3 117

11.7.1 Number of Neutrons

28122

4 184

11.9.1 Number of Electrons

2491

3 117

12.2 Radius of an Atom

12.2.1 Atomic Radius

128.00 pm163.00 pm

112 265

12.2.3 Covalent Radius

139.00 pm200.00 pm

96 260

12.2.4 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm243.00 pm

139 348

12.4 Atomic Weight

52.00 amu231.04 amu

6.94 294

12.6 Atomic Volume

7.23 cm3/mol15.00 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

12.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

12.8.1 Previous Element

12.8.2 Next Element

12.9 Valence Electron Potential

170.00 (-eV)92.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

12.10 Lattice Constant

291.00 pm392.50 pm

228.58 891.25

12.12 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

12.13 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

13 Mechanical

13.1 Density

13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

7.19 g/cm³15.37 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

13.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

6.30 g/cm3NA

0.512 20

14.2 Tensile Strength

689.00 MPaNA

2.5 11000

14.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

14.4 Vapor Pressure

14.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)NA

2.47E-11 121

14.4.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

774.00 (Pa)NA

2.62E-10 774

14.5 Elasticity properties

14.5.1 Shear Modulus

115.00 GPaNA

1.3 222

14.6.3 Bulk Modulus

160.00 GPaNA

1.6 462

14.6.5 Young's Modulus

279.00 GPaNA

1.7 528

14.7 Poisson Ratio

0.21NA

0.032 0.47

14.8 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

15 Magnetic

15.1 Magnetic Characteristics

15.1.1 Specific Gravity

7.1915.37

0.53 4500

16.1.1 Magnetic Ordering

Antiferromagnetic

Paramagnetic

16.1.2 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

16.2.1 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

16.3 Electrical Properties

16.3.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

16.3.2 Resistivity

125.00 nΩ·m177.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

16.4.1 Electrical Conductivity

0.08 10⁶/cm Ω0.05 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

16.5.1 Electron Affinity

64.30 kJ/molNA

0 222.8

17 Thermal

17.1 Specific Heat

0.45 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

17.3 Molar Heat Capacity

23.35 J/mol·KNA

16.443 62.7

17.4 Thermal Conductivity

93.90 W/m·K47.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

17.5 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

17.6 Thermal Expansion

4.90 µm/(m·K)9.90 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

17.8 Enthalpy

17.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

348.80 kJ/molNA

7.32 799.1

17.8.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

15.31 kJ/mol12.34 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

17.8.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

397.50 kJ/molNA

61.5 837

17.9 Standard Molar Entropy

23.80 J/mol.K198.10 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

Compare Transition Metals » More

Chromium vs Molybdenum

Chromium vs Rhodium

Chromium vs Cadmium

» More

More Compare Transition Metals

Transition Metals » More

» More

More Transition Met...