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Chromium vs Copernicium

Chromium
Copernicium
Copernicium vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
Cn  
Group Number
6  
12
12  
6
Period Number
4  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
54084263  
7
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
187.00  
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Copernicium was first synthesized in 1996 by a German research team.  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
In 1996  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
7
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • Currently known uses of Copernicium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
-  
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
18
240.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
17
3,570.00 MPa  
2
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
8
3,570.00 m/s  
30
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.97  
2
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
45.00 %  
32
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr  
Cn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
1  
34
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
17
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
11
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,154.90 kJ/mol  
2
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,170.00 kJ/mol  
9
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4,245.40 kJ/mol  
9
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,499.70 kJ/mol  
23
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,850.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
26
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
16
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
1,157.60 kJ/mol  
14
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
28
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
357.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
2
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
3
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
24  
99+
112  
6
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
112  
6
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
285  
1
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
112  
6
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
285.00 amu  
5
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
17.80 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Roentgenium
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Nihonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.58  
36
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
23.70 g/cm3  
7
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
23.70 g/cm3  
8
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
31.00 GPa  
25
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
35.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
23.70  
9
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
10
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
4.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
13.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
13.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K  
24
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.80 µm/(m·K)  
31
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
357.20 kJ/mol  
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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