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Chromium
Chromium

Erbium
Erbium



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Chromium vs Erbium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cr
Er
1.2 Group Number
6NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
46
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74404737440520
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
229.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Carl Gustaf Mosander
2.3.2 Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798
In 1842
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %2 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.002 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Mildly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,857.00 °C1,522.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C2,510.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
8.50NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa814.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa589.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s2,830.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Cr
Er
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2131
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.661.24
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.561.11
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.65NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.342.76
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol589.30 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol1,150.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol2,194.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/molNA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr2.08 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.50 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
2468
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
2468
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
2899
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
2468
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
128.00 pm176.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm189.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pmNA
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
52.00 amu167.26 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol18.40 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)49.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
291.00 pm355.88 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.57
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm39.07 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm38.86 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
689.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa28.30 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa44.40 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa69.90 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.210.24
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.199.07
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m0.86 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)0.17 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K28.12 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K14.50 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)12.20 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol261.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol17.20 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol314.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K73.10 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1