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Chromium vs Livermorium

Chromium
Livermorium
Livermorium vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
Lv  
Group Number
6  
12
16  
2
Period Number
4  
7  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Probably Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
54100719  
3
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
In 2000  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
7
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
0.50 p.p.m.  
22
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
-  
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
99+
3,500.00 °C  
18
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
-  
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
18
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
17
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
8
4,600.00 m/s  
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.97  
2
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
66.00 %  
17
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr  
Lv  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
19
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
17
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
11
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
723.60 kJ/mol  
28
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,331.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,846.30 kJ/mol  
35
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
3,811.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6,078.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
38
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
34
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
31
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
6,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
30
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,168.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
70,900.00 kJ/mol  
26
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
23
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
32
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
1,169.70 kJ/mol  
13
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
709.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
370.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
548.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
709.00 kJ/mol  
27
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
709.00 kJ/mol  
31
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
709.00 kJ/mol  
32
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
24  
99+
116  
2
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
116  
2
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
160  
5
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
116  
2
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
183.00 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
183.00 pm  
22
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
293.00 amu  
2
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
22.90 cm3/mol  
16
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Moscovium
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
No Next Element  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
362.15 pm  
36
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
12.90 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
12.90 g/cm3  
30
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
28.50 GPa  
30
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
12.50 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
12.00  
34
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
10
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
0.50 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K  
24
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
722.00 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
380.50 kJ/mol  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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