1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Probably Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
744047354085642
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798
In 2003
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %NA
5E-09
0.11
3.2.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.002 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.2.5 Abundance In Meteorites
4.1.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
4.4.4 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
- Currently known uses of Ununpentium metal are limited to research purpose only.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
5.3.2 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,857.00 °C400.00 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C1,100.00 °C
147
5660
7.5 Appearance
7.5.1 Physical State
7.5.2 Color
7.5.3 Luster
7.6 Hardness
7.6.1 Mohs Hardness
7.6.3 Brinell Hardness
7.6.5 Vickers Hardness
7.7 Speed of Sound
7.8 Optical Properties
7.8.1 Refractive Index
7.9.2 Reflectivity
7.10 Allotropes
7.11.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.3.9 Allen Electronegativity
8.4 Electropositivity
8.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.5 Ionization Energies
8.5.1 1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol538.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.5.3 2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol1,756.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.5.5 3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol2,653.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.5.6 4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol4,679.50 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.5.8 5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol5,721.60 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.5.10 6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
8.5.11 7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
8.5.13 8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
8.5.14 9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
8.5.16 10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
8.5.18 11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
8.5.20 12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
8.5.22 13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
8.5.24 14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
8.5.26 15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
8.5.27 16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
8.5.30 17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
8.5.32 18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
8.5.34 19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
8.5.36 20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
8.5.38 21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
8.5.40 22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/molNA
93400
184900
8.5.42 23rd Energy Level
8.5.44 24th Energy Level
8.5.46 25th Energy Level
8.5.48 26th Energy Level
8.6.1 27th Energy Level
8.6.2 28th Energy Level
8.7.1 29th Energy Level
8.7.2 30th Energy Level
9.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
9.6 Electron Work Function
9.7 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3
10.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Not Known
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.3 Number of Neutrons
10.5.2 Number of Electrons
10.6 Radius of an Atom
10.6.1 Atomic Radius
10.7.1 Covalent Radius
10.7.2 Van der Waals Radius
10.9 Atomic Weight
52.00 amu289.00 amu
6.94
294
10.12 Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
10.14 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.14.1 Previous Element
10.14.2 Next Element
10.15 Valence Electron Potential
10.18 Lattice Constant
291.00 pmNA
228.58
891.25
11.2 Lattice Angles
11.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.4 Tensile Strength
12.6 Viscosity
12.7 Vapor Pressure
12.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)NA
2.62E-10
774
12.9 Elasticity properties
12.9.1 Shear Modulus
12.9.3 Bulk Modulus
12.9.4 Young's Modulus
12.10 Poisson Ratio
12.12 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.1.3 Permeability
14.1.6 Susceptibility
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
14.2.2 Resistivity
14.3.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
14.3.5 Electron Affinity
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
16.4 Thermal Conductivity
16.6 Critical Temperature
16.7 Thermal Expansion
16.9 Enthalpy
16.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
16.10.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.11.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
16.12 Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1